New Words for Human Body Parts

Malo za šalo in malo za res.

Matura 2010 – teme

Objava tematskih sklopov za SM 2010

RIC jeobjavil angleške teme za maturo zaleto 2010:

“Skladno s koledarjem splošne mature so državne predmetne komisije določile tematske sklope za splošno maturo 2010.

Tematski sklopi za posamezen predmet so objavljeni na naši spletni strani (www.ric.si); do njih pridete tako, da izberete:

splošna matura

predmeti

v sezamu predmetov izberete želeni predmet

tematski sklop 2010

Za hitrejši dostop so v spodnjem seznamu zbrane povezave na vse tematske sklope, razpisane za leto 2010.”
angleščina

francoščina
geografija
glasba
informatika
italijanski jezik in književnost (materni jezik)
italijanščina kot drugi jezik na narodno mešanem območju v Slovenski Istri
italijanščina kot tuji jezik
latinščina
madžarščina kot drugi jezik na narodno mešanem območju v Prekmurju
madžarščina kot materni jezik
nemščina
ruščina
slovenščina
slovenščina kot drugi jezik na narodno mešanem območju v Prekmurju
slovenščina kot drugi jezik na narodno mešanem območju v Slovenski Istri
sociologija
sodobni ples – objavljeno v začetku marca 2009
španščina
teorija in zgodovina drame in gledališče – objavljeno v začetku marca 2009
zgodovina

One word only?

Gasilni aparat (kitajska angleščina)

Bingo!

The origin of the word “bingo” seems to pose a classic chicken-or-egg question: is the game called “Bingo” because game winners shout it, or do folks shout “bingo!” as an interjection in other situations (expressing, as the American Heritage Dictionary puts it, “the sudden completion of an event, occurrence of an idea, or confirmation of a guess”) in imitation of winning the game Bingo?

Unfortunately, there is no clear winner here. The two uses (game name and interjection) appeared in print at roughly the same time, the interjection “bingo” in 1927 and the game name in 1936. An argument in favor of the game coming first is that Bingo itself is a form of Lotto, which dates back to at least the 18th century. On the other hand, “bing” has a history as indicating sudden action since the 1920s (”Now I do this kind of thing On the wing, on the wing! Bing!”, James Joyce, Ulysses). This “bing” is almost certainly “echoic” in origin, meant to imitate the sound of sudden impact or explosion. “Bingo” is also a 17th century slang term for brandy (as in “stingo and bingo,” strong ale and brandy).

My suspicion is that the interjection “bingo” came first, growing out of “bing,” and was adopted as the name of the game because (a) winning is sudden and exciting, and (b) the game resembles Lotto, making the “o” ending appropriate. But the game of Bingo certainly popularized “bingo” as an interjection, so, at least in that sense, everybody wins.

Kaj je Indian Summer?

Indian summer” is, of course, the brief period of warm, dry weather often occurring in late autumn. Indian summer is often regarded as a temporary respite from the growing signs of winter, a last chance to enjoy outdoor activities and perhaps take a drive to enjoy the colorful fall foliage.

There are several theories about the origin of “Indian summer,” but none considered the final word. The first occurrence of the phrase in print found so far is from a book written in 1778 by a French-American farmer, James Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, describing late autumn in New York’s Hudson Valley: “… [the first snow] is often preceded by a short interval of smoke and mildness, called the Indian Summer.”

Several theories focus on that reference to smoke as being the time when Indians were in the habit of setting fires to drive game out of hiding as part of one last big hunt before the arrival of the snow. Another theory ties the smoke to fires set by the Indians to clear fields for the next spring’s planting. It’s also said that Indians took advantage of that period of mild weather to move to their winter hunting grounds.

Some other explanations of the phrase are rooted in the less than idyllic relationship between European settlers and the Indians. One citation from 1824 explains that “The smokey time commenced and lasted for a considerable number of days. This was the Indian summer, because it afforded the Indians another opportunity of visiting the settlements with their destructive warfare.” The “Indian” in “Indian summer” may also be a derogatory use of “Indian” to mean “false or unreliable,” as found in the slur “Indian giver.”

Perhaps it’s better just to go with the explanation offered by the Indians themselves, recounted by a Boston clergyman in 1812: “This charming season is called the Indian Summer, a name which is derived from the natives, who believe that it is caused by a wind, which comes immediately from the court of their great and benevolent God Cautantowwit, or the south-western God.”

Tipične napake – medved ali pivo?

Kitajci so znani po svojem fonološkem mimetičnem načinu učenja tujih jezikov. Ko boste naslednjič v kitajski restavraciji jih pazljivo poslušajte. Ugotovili boste, da spuščajo posamezne morfeme (spustijo posamezen zlog), besede pa izgovarjajo s pomočjo kitajskih glasov (fonemov) – tako da rečejo l namesto r ali pa tako, da je čutiti močan kitajski naglas in se sloveska beseda sliši čisto drugače. Včasih besede niti ne izgovorijo ampak nekako zapojejo njeno melodijo, mi pa potem v meniju opazimo, da gre za npr. “kitajsko laco”.

Ko govorimo tuj jezik, moramo poznati njegovo morfološko strukturo, saj bomo v nasprotnem priemru imeli težave  in bomo zamenjevali podobne zloge v posamezni besedi. Podobno se dogaja s homonimi, besedami ki se izgovarjajo ali pišejo enako, imajo pa popolnoma drugačen pomen. Zato nas ne preseneča tipčna napaka, ki je rezultat mimetičnega načina učenja:

Zasilni izhod

Ljubitelji filma Žaga so si leta skupaj z igralci zaman razbijali glavo z razmišljanjem kako pobegniti iz sobe. V nekem kitajskem podjetju so odkrili preprosto rešitev problema:

Kolo za sestanke

Samostojno učenje tujih jezikov

Angleščina je verjetno jezik, ki se ga najlaže naučimo sami. Ne zato, ker bi bila posebno sorodna slovenščini, ampak zato, ker se z njo srečamo na vsakem koraku. Ko gledate TV, ko odprete računalniški program, ko poslušate radio in ko brskate po spletu, povsod samo angleščina. Lingvisti  zato govorijo o angleščini kot globalnem jeziku .

V obdboju recesije je samostojno učenje še privlačnejše, saj je to zagotovo najcenejša oblika učenja tujih jezikov. Slabost pa je v tem, da morajo biti slušatelji zelo motivirani in vztrajni. Izkušnje kažejo, da prav zaradi tega samostojno učenje ni dovolj učinkovito.

Zato smo se odločili, da bomo v rubriki samostojno učenje tujih jezikov predstavili najboljše učbenike za samostojno učenje. Obenem pa bomo 30. septembra za vse interesente  odprli še specializirane spletne portale za samostojno učenje angleščine, nemščine, italijanščine, francoščine ter španščine.

In kakšna je pravilna metoda samostojnega učenja? Predlagamo naslednjih 8 korakov:

1. ugotovite kakšen je vaš jezikovni tip
2. poglejte ali vam ustreza audiolingvistična metoda
3. če imate predznanje, naredite uvrstitveni test
4. izberite pravi  program
5. obiščite portal za e-učenje
6. naredite si učni načrt
7. vključite se v spletno skupnost
8. sproti preverjajte svoje znanje

Nadaljevanje – Kakšen je vaš jezikovni tip?